Anglų kalbos 2024 m. valstybinio egzamino testas - Reading (pagrindinė sesija)

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Read a text about vlogging. Choose the statement which best summarises each paragraph. 

Vlogging

1.  


Vlogging is the new normal; from teenagers to industry experts create videos that document their lives or expertise. The word ‘vlog’ combines ‘video’ and ‘blog’ – a motion picture version of content created to connect with an audience through shared ideas and experiences.

2.   


Once you’ve chosen the platform or app and settled on your purpose, message, and audience, pick a style: either ‘talking head’ or ‘follow me around’. In the first, the camera doesn’t move as the vlogger voices their views about a subject or walks the audience through a process, such as a make-up tutorial or a ‘how-to’ on earning money. The message may be supplemented by appealing visuals and audio in the background. The latter vlogging style involves seeing creators in different locations as they record clips with portable mics, making it especially popular for travel vlogs.

3.   


The highest-paid YouTube vlogger was an eight-year-old boy who made $26 million. Most would struggle to copy his achievement, but you can monetise your ideas by allowing adverts on each video and being paid a few cents per view. Be ambitious but sensible about your channel’s potential. You could charge a subscription fee or use affiliate links to get a small percentage of any products viewers buy. Once established, niche vloggers with an influential voice may find brands pay well for high-quality videos that sound good enough to promote specific products.

4.  


Define the type of vlog you want in order to build a loyal following. Having consistent content will allow viewers to understand whether to expect videos on fitness, food, unboxing, generating income, or gaming, which will make it more likely for the relevant groups to subscribe to your channel. Look at similar content for inspiration: copying others might be tempting, but to achieve success, it is crucial to develop your own unique way of communicating, whether that is improvised or scripted.

5.   


Make sure what you produce is aesthetically appealing and generally encourage the audience to watch more. This can be achieved by adding outstanding graphics and using decent gear, such as cameras and microphones with high dynamic range. Most mobile phones have excellent cameras these days, but bad sound is one of the biggest turnoffs, as is inadequate lighting and poor editing. Think about your thumbnail images and remember to post regularly to the platform – once a week at the very least.  


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Read a text about the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. Complete the text with the words.

Paris 2024

Since the Paris Olympic Games of 1900 and 1924, this great sporting festival has changed significantly. The profile and wider impact the Paris Games enjoy in the 21st century is barely comparable with the situation at the start of the  century. Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by taking sports competitions and the Opening Ceremony into the city. For the very first time, it is organised beyond the preceding| of a stadium in a prestigious setting by the River Seine. This year, the spectacle of this 33rd Olympiad, orchestrated by actor and director Thomas Jolly, will be  all the codes of the genre, combining artistic performances and presentations of the athletes in an unprecedented way. With 140 to 170 boats transporting the national delegations, the athletes’ parade will wind its  down a 6 km stretch of the river between Austerlitz Bridge and the Trocadéro. While around 60,000 spectators normally attend the Opening Ceremony, at least eight times as many will gather on the banks of the Seine, and more than 80 per cent of visitors will be able to  free of charge. Enthusiasm has been growing since the introduction of the mascot, the Phryges – colourful red characters that depict the little Phrygian cap, the symbol of freedom. Having been  ahead towards the Games since then, athletes and spectators alike are eagerly awaiting the chance to witness how the thrilling competitions and unforgettable moments will unfold.
 
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Read a text about ChatGPT. Seven sentences have been removed from the text. Choose the one which fits each gap. There is one sentence that you do not need to use.


The Pandora’s Box of ChatGPT has been Opened!

The risks created by artificial intelligence can seem overwhelming. This new frontier of invention will cause people to be lazy: they won’t use their minds anymore; they will rely on the device for everything. This will be the end of true creativity and originality. (0) A . However, there’s a good reason to think that we can deal with them. This is not the first time a major innovation has introduced new threats necessitating new controls.

Whether it was the introduction of cars or the rise of personal computers and the Internet, people have managed other transformative moments and, despite a lot of turbulence, come out better off in the end. Soon after the first automobiles were on the road, there was the first car crash. But we didn’t ban cars; we adopted speed limits, safety standards, drunk-driving laws, and other rules of the road. Fears about how new technologies will reshape society have existed for millennia, and in many ways, those fears have not been ungrounded. Instead, we need to consider how we will approach and utilise the technology to orient that change in a positive direction. With the release of ChatGPT, generative Artificial Intelligence software, many school systems have responded to concerns in the education sector around plagiarism by completely banning the program. However, the software is only the beginning of new technological horizons which can be used productively and innovatively in the classroom. [ChatGPT’s value as an educational tool is proportional to the amount of instruction students receive regarding it.|We should not be asking whether technology will have an impact on us as individuals and as a society.|These are all fair predictions, and the concerns they raise need to be taken seriously.|Otherwise, each user is at the mercy of the software, which is not without (sometimes critical) factual errors.|But it turns out that banning ChatGPT from the classroom was the wrong move.|These flaws in the software are why students must be trained to question, analyse, and critically evaluate all of the program’s output.|However, instead of allowing their worst fears to become reality, teachers should realise that the antidote to them is in their hands.|If, on the other hand, they can approach the program as one of many digital tools available, it can enhance their work.|While this information is vast and varied, it’s not flawless]. What is needed is a comprehensive understanding of how to use the program and, perhaps most importantly, where its shortcomings lie. If students regard the program as a digital genie in a bottle, equipped to write their papers at the push of a button, they will not only generate incorrect and uncreative work but will hamper their own writing in the process. Therefore, provided that students have a realistic and healthy attitude, ChatGPT has the potential to aid them significantly in their learning and writing. By discussing the uses and benefits of the program, teachers can help students recognise the role that critical thinking plays in completing an assignment and approach ChatGPT as just another tool in their arsenal. Educators must emphasise that students must have a strong initial concept, creative approach, research acumen, and grammatical knowledge. [Otherwise, each user is at the mercy of the software, which is not without (sometimes critical) factual errors.|We should not be asking whether technology will have an impact on us as individuals and as a society.|These are all fair predictions, and the concerns they raise need to be taken seriously.|But it turns out that banning ChatGPT from the classroom was the wrong move.|ChatGPT’s value as an educational tool is proportional to the amount of instruction students receive regarding it.|These flaws in the software are why students must be trained to question, analyse, and critically evaluate all of the program’s output.|However, instead of allowing their worst fears to become reality, teachers should realise that the antidote to them is in their hands.|If, on the other hand, they can approach the program as one of many digital tools available, it can enhance their work.|While this information is vast and varied, it’s not flawless.] For this reason, students also need to be aware that ChatGPT is a large language model that generates responses based only on the input it has been trained on. Moreover, it may contain hidden biases. A student’s comprehension can be negatively affected due to inappropriate or stylistically bland vocabulary or sentence structures suggested by ChatGPT, which fails to recognise important nuances in language that are necessary for effective writing. [These flaws in the software are why students must be trained to question, analyse, and critically evaluate all of the program’s output.|We should not be asking whether technology will have an impact on us as individuals and as a society.|These are all fair predictions, and the concerns they raise need to be taken seriously.|Otherwise, each user is at the mercy of the software, which is not without (sometimes critical) factual errors.|But it turns out that banning ChatGPT from the classroom was the wrong move.|ChatGPT’s value as an educational tool is proportional to the amount of instruction students receive regarding it.|However, instead of allowing their worst fears to become reality, teachers should realise that the antidote to them is in their hands.|If, on the other hand, they can approach the program as one of many digital tools available, it can enhance their work.|While this information is vast and varied, it’s not flawless.] It is in no one’s interest for students to run the risk of becoming dependent on the software, as this blind reliance can hinder their own capabilities as budding researchers, writers, and thinkers. ChatGPT will undoubtedly alter the way that students learn, so educators’ worries are not unfounded; nevertheless, the software is here to stay. They should provide students with robust instruction on how to use the program responsibly. Therefore, rather than banning the software, those in the education sector should seek to demystify ChatGPT and equip students to utilise it with discretion.
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Read an article about why failure might be a good thing. Complete the summary by inserting no more than one word from the text.

Fail Big, Live Better

For most people, failure is pretty simple: it’s bad, even shameful. Life is going well if you do not experience failures, and we think that avoiding failure is obviously the right goal. We worry about what it says about us when we get something wrong (we’re not good enough!). The social stigma of failure exacerbates the spontaneous tendency to react. The instinct is so strong that we can find ourselves upset about the smallest missteps – the comment that falls flat in a meeting or stumbling on an uneven sidewalk that has us furtively glance around to see if anyone noticed. Add to these timeless anxieties the never ending chore of self-presentation in our age of ubiquitous social media. Countless studies find today’s teens obsessed with putting forward a sanitised version of their lives, endlessly checking for ‘likes’, suffering from comparisons, real or imaginary, and aiming for perfection.

For both children and adults, the pressure to maintain appearances persists across various domains like careers, attractiveness, and social engagements. While acknowledging the inevitability of failure as a part of life, we recognise it as a source of opportunities for growth and advancement. Yet, within these social norms, being resilient and deriving lessons from setbacks becomes crucial for overcoming the emotional and practical barriers that block our capacity for embracing the transformative potential embedded in failure. But what if we could learn to get into the habit of reframing failure as a source of discovery and personal development? What if we could face problems and setbacks with honesty to clear the path for growth and progress?

We’ve questioned and pushed back against habitual ways of thinking about failure for quite some time now. In our lives and in our organisations, most of us would benefit from more failures, not fewer. This potentially provocative statement applies only when those failures lead to growth and learning, though. People should (and can) take precautions, thereby preventing too many failures. When a patient goes into the operating theatre, it’s right that the surgeon triple-check which knee requires surgery before making the first cut. When you’re baking a cake, it’s important to follow the quantities set out in the recipe. Best practices like these play a major role and this prevents failure; however, they’re only available in well-understood contexts. Unfortunately, there is no instruction manual for every aspect of life.

Failures that are the result of well-thought-out, deliberate efforts to innovate or experiment are to be welcomed because they point us forward towards eventual success. They shut down one path and force us to seek another. Medicine is a perfect example of that. Without their willingness to tolerate and learn from intelligent failures along the way, most of the life-saving advances we now take for granted would not exist. As cardiologist Dr James Forrester wrote: ‘In medicine, we learn more from our mistakes than from our successes.’ But the truth of Forrester’s statement says nothing about how to navigate through failure’s painful side effects.

Fortunately, failing well is something we can learn. We can replace fear and shame with curiosity and growth. For this, we need to start recognising the human tendency to play in order not to lose, which holds us back from new challenges – and choose instead to play to win. Playing to win comes with the danger of failing, but it also brings rewarding experiences and novel accomplishments. Failing well is about increasing the frequency of intelligent failure where the upside more than compensates for the downside.

Fear too often inhibits us from taking the smart risks that are essential to our discovery – of friends, hobbies and career moves alike. Embracing failure becomes intellectually and emotionally feasible once you grasp the need to limit it to right-sized, thoughtful, goal-driven experiments in new territory. This is what inventors, scientists, chefs, and entrepreneurs do for a living. But the rest of us can do it too, to live fuller, more adventurous lives.


Summary

The primary for most people is to avoid failure, which is often viewed as something embarrassing that hinders our personal and professional lives. The fear of judgment increases our natural desire to negatively to even the smallest mistakes, driven by the social stigma of failure amplified by social media. Fostering inner strength and learning from difficulties are both essential to navigating challenges that our path to gaining the positive lessons of failure. Embracing additional failures, when they are the right kind of wrong, can us by offering meaningful insights and guiding us toward eventual success in various aspects of life. Implementing optimal practices setbacks in familiar scenarios, but in undiscovered areas where experimentation is crucial, the risk of failure persists, offering valuable insights for the journey. Furthermore, accepting intelligent failures, which should be as valuable lessons, guides us to success by redirecting paths and fostering growth. The history of innovation emphasises how failures people to seek transformative advances. To promote personal development, such it is essential that we accept new opportunities, not only the value of shifting from a defensive worldview to a proactive ‘play to-win’ mindset but also embracing the benefits of intelligent failures. We should still acknowledge life’s risks and dangers while understanding the for thoughtful ventures that can create a life of adventure and fulfilment for all.
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